3.罕见的不良反应有胸痛、精神错乱、抑郁、心动过速、肌无力、肌肉麻木、手足无力。
Bispar(BusPIRone)
Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar among others, is a medication primarily used to treat anxiety disorders particularly general anxiety disorder.[9][10] Benefits are support for short term use.[11] It is not useful for psychosis.[9] It is taken by mouth.[9] It may take up to four weeks for an effect.[10]
Common side effects include nausea, headaches, dizziness, and trouble concentrating.[9][11]Serious side effects may include hallucinations, serotonin syndrome, and seizures.[11] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe but has not been well studied, while use during breastfeedingis not recommended.[12][11] How it works is not clear but it is unrelated to benzodiazepines.[9]
Buspirone was first made in 1968 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1986.[9][10] It is avaliable as a generic medication.[11] A month supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 10 £ as of 2019.[11] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about 2.65 USD.[13] In 2016 it was the 90th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 8 million prescriptions.[14]
Medical uses
Anxiety
Buspirone is used for the short-treatment of anxiety disorders or symptoms of anxiety.[15][16][17][18][19] It is generally less preferred than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).[10]
Buspirone has no immediate anxiolytic effects, and hence has a delayed onset of action; its full clinical effectiveness may require 2 to 4 weeks to manifest.[20] The drug has been shown to be similarly effective in the treatment of GAD to benzodiazepines including diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, and clorazepate.[4] Buspirone is not known to be effective in the treatment of other anxiety disorders besides GAD,[21] although there is some limited evidence that it may be useful in the treatment of social phobia as an adjunct to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).[4][22]
Sexual dysfunction
There is some evidence that buspirone on its own may be useful in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women.[23]
Miscellaneous
Buspirone is not effective as a treatment for benzodiazepine withdrawal, barbiturate withdrawal, or alcohol withdrawal/delirium tremens.[24]
Contraindications
Buspirone has these contraindications:[25][26]
§ Hypersensitivity to buspirone
§ Metabolic acidosis, as in diabetes
§ Should not be used with MAO inhibitors
§ Severely compromised liver and/or kidney function
Overdose
Buspirone appears to be relatively benign in cases of single-drug overdose, although no definitive data on this subject appear to be available.[27] In one clinical trial, buspirone was administered to healthy male volunteers at a dosage of 375 mg/day, and produced side effects including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, miosis, and gastric distress.[15][16][18] In early clinical trials, buspirone was given at dosages even as high as 2,400 mg/day, with akathisia, tremor, and muscle rigidity observed.[28] Deliberate overdoses with 250 mg and up to 300 mg buspirone have resulted in drowsiness in about 50% of individuals.[28] One death has been reported in association with 450 mg buspirone together with alprazolam, diltiazem, alcohol, cocaine.[28]
